Dual Staking
Overview
Dual Staking refers to staking both Bitcoin and CORE tokens simultaneously, with higher CORE-to-Bitcoin staking ratios earning access to higher tiers of yield. The more CORE staked relative to Bitcoin, the higher the yield potential. Thus, attractive Bitcoin staking rates are perpetually available to the most Core-aligned participants, encouraging Bitcoin stakers to also stake CORE—aligning incentives and strengthening network security.
Dual Staking creates a mathematical advantage in Core's reward distribution system by recognizing dual participation as providing greater security value to the network than either mechanism in isolation, with max yields ~25-50x higher than Bitcoin staking alone.
View live yield rates at stake.coredao.org/staking
How Dual Staking Works
1. Dual Participation
Dual Staking requires simultaneous participation in two legs of Core's tripartite Satoshi Plus consensus:
Self-Custodial Bitcoin Staking (Timelocking):
- Timelock Bitcoin using CLTV on the Bitcoin blockchain
- Include validator vote metadata in the timelock transaction
- Maintain complete self-custody of Bitcoin throughout
Delegated Proof of Stake (CORE Delegation):
- Delegate CORE tokens to validators on the Core network
- Support the same or different validators as chosen for Bitcoin staking
2. Tiered Yield System
The protocol uses a tier-based multiplier system to enhance Bitcoin staking rewards for Dual Stakers:
| Tier | CORE-to-Bitcoin Ratio (R) | Label | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Base Tier | R < R₁ | PBase | No CORE delegation |
| Boost Tier | R₁ ≤ R < R₂ | PBoost | Entry-level Dual Staking tier |
| Super Tier | R₂ ≤ R < R₃ | PSuper | Higher CORE-to-Bitcoin ratio |
| Satoshi Tier | R ≥ R₃ | PSatoshi | Highest tier; maximum rewards |
- Tier thresholds (R₁, R₂, R₃) are dynamic and adjust based on network conditions.
- Higher tiers unlock progressively greater reward multipliers.
3. Example Calculation
Suppose you stake 10 Bitcoin.
If tier ratios are defined as:
- R₁ = 3,625 CORE/Bitcoin
- R₂ = 10,875 CORE/Bitcoin
- R₃ = 29,000 CORE/Bitcoin
Then your thresholds would be:
| Tier | CORE Required |
|---|---|
| Boost Tier | 36,250 CORE |
| Super Tier | 108,750 CORE |
| Satoshi Tier | 290,000 CORE |
Your reward tier is determined by how much CORE you've delegated relative to your staked Bitcoin.
Benefits
Enhanced Yields:
- Achieve ~25-50x higher yields compared to solo Bitcoin staking
- Access sustainable, protocol-native rewards
- Benefit from both fixed emissions and transaction fee revenue
Risk Considerations:
- Bitcoin principal remains completely secure with no new trust assumptions
- CORE delegation operates under the same trust assumptions as DPoS
- Dual Staking does not change how you stake, just how you are rewarded
Best Practices
- Monitor tier thresholds regularly—they adjust based on participation
- Track validator performance to maximize uptime and yield
- Diversify validator selection to reduce dependency on a single provider
Yield Sustainability
- Tiers adjust dynamically to maintain attractive yields
- The protocol balances accessibility with long-term sustainability by adapting to market conditions and participation levels
Why It Matters
Dual Staking unlocks sustainably attractive yields for Bitcoin stakers who are most committed to Core, as represented by their CORE staking relative to Bitcoin. The system incentivizes Bitcoin holders to become CORE holders, thereby aligning the two ecosystems and creating stronger network effects as both assets work together to secure and grow the Core network.
Start Dual Staking at stake.coredao.org
Please refer to the Dual Staking FAQ section for further questions or clarifications. For additional support, you may direct your queries to the Core Dev Forum or Core Discord Server.